Frequency, Clinical Profile, and Patterns of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention at Tertiary Care Hospital in Somalia

Abstract

Introduction: Coronary artery disease, the most common cause of death in the general population, is responsible for about one-third of all deaths in people over 35.

Methods: This prospectively cross-sectional study was obtained from adult (≥30 years) patients those underwent angiography in Mogadishu Somali Türkiye Training and Research Hospital from June 2022 to December 2022. Individuals with significant coronary lesions angiography with angiography other than coronary, less than 70% lesion, refusal to consent, and those with missed data. data were analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics. The frequencies and percentages, Cas well as the mean ± (SD), were presented. Cross-tabulations were used to determine the association between the variables.

Result: From June to December 2022, 127 patients underwent angiography, and 102 of them met the inclusion criteria for significant coronary lesions. Among these patients, 35 (34.3%) presented with unstable angina, 34 (33.3%) with NSTEMI, 13 (12.7%) with stable angina, and 20 (19.6%) with other forms of NSTEMI. The mean age was 58.4 ± 12.8 years, with the highest prevalence in the 51-60 age group (41, 40.1%). There was a predominance of males (84.3%, n=86), of whom 35.3% (n=36) were smokers.

Regarding atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors, hypertension was the most common (61.8%, n=63), followed by diabetes mellitus (53.9%, n=55), and dyslipidemia (50%, n=51). Typical chest pain was the most frequent initial symptom, occurring in 69.6% (n=71) of patients. Angiographic findings revealed single vessel disease in 36.2% (n=37) of patients, double vessel disease in 32.4% (n=33), and triple vessel disease in 31.4% (n=32). The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was the most commonly affected artery. In terms of management, 78.4% (n=80) of patients were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), while 21.6% (n=22) were recommended for coronary artery bypass grafting. Complications of PCI were rare, with hyperacute stent thrombosis and iatrogenic coronary artery dissection occurring in only 1.9% of cases.

Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among middle-aged males with ASCVD risk factors at Mogadishu Somali Türkiye Training and Research Hospital. Unstable angina, NSTEMI, and LAD involvement were common, with most patients effectively managed through percutaneous coronary intervention and minimal complications.