Comprehensive Review on Burden of Strokes and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Indian Scenario

Abstract

Abstract: Heart disease and stroke are both types of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and are among the most widespread and costly health problems as per statistics. 31% of all global deaths are due to CVD. Classical symptoms include angina, discomfort in arms & shoulders, shortness of breath, dizziness, cold, sweats, nausea and fatigue. The major risk factors for CVD include smoking, physical inactivity, excess body weight and unhealthy dietary pattern. Other factors that can contribute to CVD are blood pressure, cholesterol, impaired glucose control and sleep. There are a range of major clinical heart and CVD conditions that include stroke, congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease, rhythmic disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, vascular disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure and venous disease. This paper reviews different types of CVD conditions, core health behaviours and the associated outcomes such as quality of care, medical procedures, and economic burden. This review is an attempt to improve the understanding of heart disease and stroke that will be helpful on preventing and treating heart disease and improving overall cardiovascular health.